Data security software safeguards digital data from insecure access, theft or manipulation. It encompasses multiple tools and technologies, including encryption monitoring, logging and data loss prevention. It also includes policies and procedures, as well as tools to address data breaches.
Cybercriminals are a single threat to security of data, however human error is still the most common cause for breaches. Data security tools include tools that can detect mistakes such as placing sensitive data on shared drives and opening attachments to emails that are not correct.
Limiting physical access to storage devices and servers is a different aspect of data security. Physical security measures could be as simple as requiring employees log into a company building but they must also include securing and labeling hardware so only authorized personnel can access it. This is particularly important when it comes to cloud-based data centers in which the physical space may be outside your control.
Data security solutions can protect data at rest and during transit by encrypting it, so that only users with the correct keys are able to read it. This is typically used in conjunction with firewalls, intrusion prevention systems or detection systems (IDS/IPS) and network-based identification systems.
Another aspect of data security is user behavior analytics, which sets norms of normal activity and detects abnormalities that could suggest an unauthorized access to sensitive data. This is typically utilized in solutions that track the relational database, data warehouses, and big data solutions.
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